Learning: Learning is one of the major components of AI. Just as humans learn, computer programs are designed to learn different manners. One of the ways, in which AI learns, is by the trial-and-error method, i.e., they keep on solving until they come to the desired right answer.In this manner, the program keeps a note of all the moves that didn’t work and gave a negative result, and store them in their database, so the next time they automatically operate on the moves that gave positive results, when encountered by a similar problem. The learning component also includes memorising different solutions to problems, vocabulary, foreign languages, and more.

Perception: The perception component of the AI enables the machine to scan the outside surroundings by using different sense-organs, either real or artificial. The processors are designed so as to, perceive and analyze the other scenes and objects and help in understanding and establishing their features and more. This analysis is one of the biggest challenges, as similar items might pose a considerable amount of analysing, when viewed from different angles or on different occasions. When the feat of perception, is well established, it can lead to the success of driverless cars, in the future, for instance.

Problem Solving: Problem solving ability is one of the most important components of an AI. Different queries are assigned a special or a general purpose. Suppose in a situation, the special-purpose method is used, in this the solution to the assigned problem is tailor-made, i.e., specific in nature, exploiting and exploring the specific features that are provided in the given case, in which the problem is supposedly sought. On the other hand, the general- purpose, method is used that implies a wide variety of issues. Problem- solving, therefore, is one of the most important components of an AI.

Reasoning: To reason, like humans do, is another important key component of an AI. Once, the AI is able to differentiate between two objects, the next thing is to reason. When it logically reasons, it allows the system to draw a number of inferences that are in accordance, with the given situation. These inferences are then categorised as inductive or deductive. Reasoning always means drawing relevant inferences, which can then be further applied to problem solving.

Language Understanding: Language, can be defined as a system of a different set of signs that justifies, the conveyed meaning. Language is one of the most, widely used AI components. Humans can differentiate, communicate and easily understand the different languages, AI programs are also trained in order to learn a different language, and make the human-computer interface easier.